Varanasi is one of the world's oldest cities, with archaeological evidence of settlement dating back to the 11th or 12th century BC. It is a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus, who believe that dying in Varanasi leads to salvation. Varanasi is one of the world's oldest cities, with archaeological evidence of settlement dating back to the 11th or 12th century BC. It is a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus, who believe that dying in Varanasi leads to salvation.